[197] Cameron postulated that the 1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident was a spiritual reaction to Parsons' death. [69], For the JATO project, they were joined by Caltech mathematician Martin Summerfield and 18 workers supplied by the Works Progress Administration. The police were frequent visitors to The Parsonage, receiving reports of naked pregnant women dancing through fire in the garden, loud … To do so they formed the Aerojet Engineering Corporation in March 1942, in which Parsons, Forman, Malina, von Kármán, and Summerfield each invested $250, opening their offices on Colorado Boulevard and bringing in Amo Smith as their engineer. Parsons' occult partnership with Hubbard was also mentioned in Alex Gibney's 2015 documentary film Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief, produced by HBO. Marvel Whiteside Parsons was born on October 2, 1914, at the Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles. He frequently appeared at Aerojet hungover and sleep-deprived from late nights of Lodge activities, and invited many of his colleagues to them, drawing the ire of staff who previously tolerated Parsons' occultism as harmless eccentricity; known to von Kármán as a "delightful screwball", he was frequently observed reciting Crowley's poem "Hymn to Pan" in an ecstatic manner compared to the preaching of Billy Graham during rocket tests—and on request at parties to their great amusement. [Parsons] had witnessed the blinding overnight successes achieved by the government-by-terror, GALCIT Rocket Research Group and the Kynette trial: 1934–1938, Embracing Thelema; advancing JATO and foundation of Aerojet: 1939–1942, Foundation of JPL and leading the Agape Lodge: 1942–1944, L. Ron Hubbard and the Babalon Working: 1945–1946, Work for Israelis and espionage accusations: 1946–1952, Parsons' name was never formally changed. The Navy guaranteed Parsons a contract on the condition that this residue was removed; this led to the invention of Aeroplex, a technology for smokeless vapor trails developed at Aerojet by Parsons. Pendle suggested that Parsons was particularly susceptible to these interpretations and attributed the voices to a prank by Hubbard and Sara. Jack Parsons (From a NASA Image/Public Domain) “So Jack became a loyal follower of Mr. Aleister Crowley/He took an oath to be a Magister Templi/His pretty house in Pasadena was notorious for the orgies…” — “Blood & Rockets: Movement I — Saga of Jack Parsons…” — The Claypool Lennon Delirium, South of Reality In 1942, jet fuel engineer Jack Parsons was appointed head of the lodge, and the organization was headquartered out of Parson's mansion in Pasadena. It is one with the force that makes the birds sing and flowers bloom; as inevitable as gravity, as implicit as a bowel movement, it informs alike atoms and men and suns. Also a science fiction enthusiast, Parsons met fellow fan Alva Rogers, who romanced another resident of Parsons' house. [70] The FBI was satisfied that Parsons was not a Marxist but were concerned when Thelemite friend Paul Seckler used Parsons' gun in a drunken car hijacking, for which Seckler was imprisoned in San Quentin State Prison for two years. [35] They moved into a house on South Terrace Drive, Pasadena, while Parsons got a job at the explosives manufacturer Halifax Powder Company's facility in Saugus. [51], By early 1938 the Group had made their static rocket motor, which originally burned for three seconds, run for over a minute. Parsons was born in Los Angeles in 1914, and by the late 1930s the self-trained chemist was working with the group of scientists who would later form the nucleus of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. [166] Parsons had the reputation of being a womanizer, and was notorious for frequently flirting and having sexual liaisons with female staff members at JPL and Aerojet. Cookies on Companies House services. Jack Parson’s was a pretty cool guy. This Will is the sum of his tendencies, his destiny, his inner truth. [154] Some of Parsons' colleagues rejected this explanation, saying that he was very attentive about safety. They contacted liquid-fuel rocket pioneer Robert H. Goddard and he invited Malina to his facility in Roswell, New Mexico, but he was not interested in cooperating—reticent about sharing his research and having been subjected to widespread derision for his work in rocketry. [107], Science fiction writer and U.S. Navy officer L. Ron Hubbard soon moved into the Parsonage; he and Parsons became close friends. [163] The O.T.O. The same year Parsons and von Kármán traveled to Norfolk, Virginia on the invitation of Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox to consult on a new JATO contract for the U.S. Navy. In his short 37 years, John Whiteside “Jack” Parsons embodied at least several different roles in one tormented but glorious life. "[114] Despite this ignorance and her skepticism about Parsons' magic, Cameron reported her sighting of a UFO to Parsons, who secretly recorded the sighting as a materialization of Babalon. Strangely though, most people of the later times never heard of Jack Parsons. It also stated that he had turned down several honorary degrees. Parsons—who remained sympathetic and friendly to Smith during the conflict and was weary of Crowley's "appalling egotism, bad taste, bad judgement, and pedanticism"—ceased lodge activities and resigned as its head, but withdrew his resignation after receiving a pacifying letter from Crowley. He is a member of the Cancer Fighters network at … [49][50] While working at Caltech, Parsons was admitted to evening courses in chemistry at the University of Southern California (USC), but distracted by his GALCIT workload he attended sporadically and received unexceptional grades. Mentor Me. I read Sex and Rockets first because it was written first. [155], —Parsons' obituary in the June 19, 1952 edition of The Pasadena Independent[156], Both Wolfe and Smith suggested that Parsons' death had been suicide, stating that he had suffered from depression for some time. Meet Jack outside Parsons State Insane Asylum Help Jack reach his office Help Jack reach the basement Stop the raiders from freeing Lorenzo Cabot Kill or Free Lorenzo Cabot Killing Lorenzo nets you caps, and ask for more, after one week, Lorenzo's artifact gun Saving Lorenzo and killing the Cabot … Though JATOs were being mass-produced for military applications, JATO-propelled aircraft could not "keep up" with larger, bomber planes taking off from long aircraft carrier runways—which made Aerojet's industry at risk of becoming defunct. [72][75] The testing of this fuel resulted in another calamity, when the testing rocket motor exploded; the fire, containing iron shed fragments and shrapnel, inexplicably left the experimenters unscathed. © 2021 Atlas Obscura. Feeling both "repulsion and attraction" for Smith, Parsons continued to sporadically attend the Church's events for a year. Many of Parsons' former colleagues lost their security clearances and jobs as a result, and eventually the FBI stripped Parsons of his clearance because of his "subversive" character, including his involvement in and advocacy of "sexual perversion" in the O.T.O. Retrieved 3 August 2019. This research became more complex when they began using materials such as aluminium foil to make the gunpowder easier to cast. When Crowley, in a telegram to Germer, dismissed Parsons as a "weak fool" and victim to Hubbard and Sara's obvious confidence trick, Parsons changed his mind, flew to Miami and placed a temporary injunction and restraining order on them. [157] Cameron became convinced that Parsons had been murdered — either by police officers seeking vengeance for his role in the conviction of Earl Kynette or by anti-Zionists opposed to his work for Israel. Born sometime in the 19th century, Jack is the son of archaeologist Lorenzo Cabot. After Lorenzo returned to Boston from the Middle East with an alien artifact, he was found to have been granted supernatural abilities, yet also been rendered insane by the effects of the crown. Jack lived a colourful, but an eventful life for just 37 years. Parsons lived a double life, one of science by day and dark magic by night, although he believed the two were one and the same.He conjured spirits and ancient deities, and he delved into sex magic. "[108], Parsons and Sara were in an open relationship encouraged by the O.T.O. Today, nothing remains of The Parsonage. In light of this progress, Caltech and the GALCIT Group received an additional $10,000 rocketry research grant from the AIAA. Jack Parsons, an Award-winning Young Entrepreneur, and CEO of The Youth Group. There is no known force that can turn an apple into an alley cat; there is no known force that can turn a man from his Will. After he received poor school results, Parsons's mother sent him away to study at the Brown Military Academy for Boys, a private boarding school in San Diego, but he was expelled for blowing up the toilets. "I always found Jack's insistence that he believed in, and practiced, magic hard to reconcile with his educational and cultural background," Rogers opined. Parsons (Right, foreground) and the Rocket Boys in 1936, Where the Parsonage once was, quiet condos with No Trespassing signs now sit. [5] Although she retained her ex-husband's surname, Ruth started calling her son John, but many friends throughout his life knew him as Jack. [82], Helen went away for a period in June 1941, during which Parsons, encouraged to do so by the sexually permissive attitude of the O.T.O., began a sexual relationship with her 17-year-old sister, Sara. [59] Parsons came to believe in the reality of Thelemic magick as a force that could be explained through quantum physics. He was unconventional in his beliefs and habits and drawn to radical ideas. Possibly he was trying to reconcile fundamental human urges with the inhuman. … Haley persuaded them to sell their stock, resulting in Parsons leaving the company with $11,000. [92] Some veteran Lodge members disliked Parsons' influence, concerned that it encouraged excessive sexual polyandry that was religiously detrimental, but his charismatic orations at Lodge meetings assured his popularity among the majority of followers. [174], Parsons' obituary listed him as a member of the Army Ordnance Association, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the American Chemical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and—despite his lack of an academic degree—the Sigma Xi fraternity. Parsons was expelled from JPL and Aerojet in 1944 due to the Lodge's infamous reputation and his hazardous workplace conduct. The Official Digital Toolse… His incredible energy fed the entire group, and was generally credited with being the motive power behind the incredible technical progress they made in a few short years. He entered a brief relationship with an Irishwoman named Gladis Gohan; they moved to a house in Redondo Beach, a building known by them as the "Concrete Castle". [175], Parsons adhered to the occult philosophy of Thelema, which had been founded in 1904 by the English occultist Aleister Crowley following a spiritual revelation that he had in Cairo, Egypt, when—according to Crowley's accounts—a spirit being known as Aiwass dictated to him a prophetic text known as The Book of the Law. [201] According to Richard Metzger, Wernher von Braun—who was nicknamed "The Father of Rocket Science"—once argued that Parsons was more worthy of this moniker. [116][117] To quote Metzger, the purpose of the Babalon Working was "a daring attempt to shatter the boundaries of space and time" facilitating, according to Parsons, the emergence of Thelema's Æon of Horus. John Whiteside Parsons (born Marvel Whiteside Parsons;[nb 1] October 2, 1914 – June 17, 1952) was an American rocket engineer, chemist, and Thelemite occultist. [14], The Parsons family spent mid-1929 touring Europe before returning to Pasadena, where they moved into a house on San Rafael Avenue. The mixture was unstable and there were frequent explosions damaging military aircraft. [165] His FBI file described him as "potentially bisexual" and he once expressed experiencing a latent homosexuality. Thrust pulled down a spring which measured force. Jack’s been recognised as Young Digital Leader of The Year, included in the 100 Faces of a Vibrant Economy, and Most Connected Young Entrepreneur. [177] Prior to becoming aware of Thelema and Crowley, Parsons' interest in esotericism was developed through his reading of The Golden Bough (1890), a work in comparative mythology by Scottish social anthropologist James George Frazer. Known as GALCIT-53, this fuel proved to be significantly more stable than the Group's earlier concoctions, fulfilling Parsons' aim of creating a restricted-burn rocket fuel inside a castable container, and providing a thrust 427% more powerful than that of GALCIT-27. Bibliografie. and Parsons' occult activities in December 1969. organization. [40][1][78], Aerojet's first two contracts were from the U.S. Navy; the Bureau of Aeronautics requested a solid-fuel JATO and Wilbur Wright Field requested a liquid-fuel unit. [44][45][46], In April 1937 Caltech mathematician Qian Xuesen joined the Group. Born in Los Angeles, Parsons was raised by a wealthy family on Orange Grove Boulevard in Pasadena. [203] JPL later credited him for making "distinctive technical innovations that advanced early efforts" in rocket engineering, with aerospace journalist Craig Covault stating that the work of Parsons, Qian Xuesen and the GALCIT Group "planted the seeds for JPL to become preeminent in space and rocketry. Hubbard had secretly requested permission from the U.S. Navy to sail to China and South and Central America on a mission to "collect writing material"; his real plans were for a world cruise. [148], In 1999 Feral House published the biography Sex and Rockets: The Occult World of Jack Parsons by John Carter, who opined that Parsons had accomplished more in under five years of research than Robert H. Goddard had in his lifetime, and said that his role in the development of rocket technology had been neglected by historians of science;[201] Carter thought that Parsons' abilities and accomplishments as an occultist had been overestimated and exaggerated among Western esotericists, emphasizing his disowning by Crowley for practicing magic beyond his grade. Parsons soon constructed a solid-fuel rocket engine, and with Forman corresponded with pioneer rocket engineers including Robert H. Goddard, Hermann Oberth, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Willy Ley and Wernher von Braun. [216], Before his death, Parsons appeared in science fiction writer Anthony Boucher's murder-mystery novel Rocket to the Morgue (1942) under the guise of mad scientist character Hugo Chantrelle. Unlike the rest of the household, Cameron knew nothing at first of Parsons' magical intentions: "I didn't know anything about the O.T.O., I didn't know that they had invoked me, I didn't know anything, but the whole house knew it. Allied Enterprises was dissolved and in a court settlement Hubbard was required to promise to reimburse Parsons. [7] La banda The Claypool Lennon Delirium compuso una canción llamada "Blood And Rockets: Movement I, Saga Of Jack Parsons - Movement II, Too The Moon" basada en la vida y legado de Jack Parsons. and held various jobs while acting as a consultant for Israel's rocket program. [161] Within a few days, journalists had discovered his involvement in Thelema and emphasized this in their reports. Hubbard, already married to Margaret Grubb, bigamously married Sara and went on to found Dianetics and Scientology. Though Parsons in his mid-thirties was a "prewar relic" to the younger attendees, the raucous socials often lasted until dawn and frequently attracted police attention. Parsons soon created the Thelemite journal Oriflamme, in which he published his own poetry, but Crowley was unimpressed—particularly due to Parsons' descriptions of drug use—and the project was soon shelved. [40], Malina recounted that Parsons was inspired to use asphalt by the ancient incendiary weapon Greek fire; in a 1982 talk for the International Association of Astronomical Artists Captain Boushey stated that Parsons experienced an epiphany after watching workers using molten asphalt to fix tiles onto a roof. [137] Von Kármán put Parsons in touch with Herbert T. Rosenfeld, President of the Southern Californian chapter of the American Technion Society—a Zionist group dedicated to supporting the newly created State of Israel. "[190] He proceeded to criticize many aspects of contemporary U.S. society, particularly the police force, remarking that "The police mind is usually of a sadistic and homicidal trend" and noting that they carried out the "ruthless punishment of symbolic scapegoats" such as African-Americans, prostitutes, alcoholics, homeless people and sociopolitical radicals, under the pretense of a country that upheld "liberty and justice for all. also held a memorial service—with attendees including Helen and Sara—at which Smith led the Gnostic Mass. , pleegde Parsons ' enthusiasm for the Hughes Aircraft company documents 7 ] Jack was mortally injured, all... 74 ], the company with $ 11,000 fictionalized portrayals by a wealthy family on Grove. Lanval Parsons work by becoming a member for as little as $ 5 a month after reading a of... Issue with GALCIT-46, which increasingly interested him, and were rezoned for multifamily housing encouraged by upstairs. 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