Maria Carolina (1752–1814)Queen-consort of Ferdinand I, king of Naples and Sicily, who exercised the real power behind the throne . Maria Carolina of Austria was born on 13 August 1752 as the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis of Lorraine. From overcoming oppression, to breaking rules, to reimagining the world or waging a rebellion, these women of history have a story to tell. The War of the Third Coalition brought Austria to the brink of ruin, increasing Marie-Louise’s resentment towards Napoleon. She held the real power in Naples, and, under the influence of her favourite, Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet, who was reputed to be her lover, she adopted a pro-British, anti-French policy. Maria Elisabeth was a daughter of Maria Theresa and elder sister of Marie Antoinette. Anton Rafael Mengs, Maria Carolina of Austria, Queen of Naples, Ca. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. As it became evident that the child would not survive, the surrounding women began weeping and the sacrament on the altar was hurriedly prepared for worship. Maria Carolina of Austria (28 February 1594 - 29 July 1645) was the youngest daughter of Constance Sybille of England and Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor. After the overthrow of the republic (June 1799), the king and queen returned to Naples, where a massacre of the republic’s partisans, in violation of the peace agreement, took place, for which the royal couple must bear at least partial responsibility. Her full name was Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Joanna Antonia. Maria Carolina's Kingdom of Naples had also come into direct conflict with French forces led by Napoleon Bonaparte. She had 16 children. She held the real power in Naples, and, under the influence of her favourite, Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet, who was reputed to … Maria Theresa (1717-1780), archduchess of Austria, Holy Roman Empress, and queen of Hungary and Bohemia, began her rule in 1740. Updates? WatzitztoCeska has uploaded 199 photos to Flickr. Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Karolina Luise Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV & III. The War of the Third Coalition brought Austria to the brink of ruin, which increased Marie Louise's resentment towards Napoleon. She was a namesake of her elder sisters — Maria Carolina, who died two weeks after her first birthday, and Maria Carolina, who died several hours after being baptised —, but she w… Portrait of Maria Carolina of Austria, c.1752-1770. Find more prominent pieces of portrait at Wikiart.org – best visual art database. The baby´s body was placed in the Summer Room in Schönbrunn Palace (like other newborn children), so that the members of the court might assure themselves that she was a normal child and not malformed, but was not formally displayed. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Maria Carolina of Austria and other family and vintage photos from the past. Omissions? Maria Theresa´s physician Gerard van Swieten assured her that the infant was still living when baptized, but many at court doubted this. Naples joined the second coalition against France, but Maria Carolina and Ferdinand had to flee before the French (December 1798), who seized Naples, making it the Parthenopean Republic. 1768, German School, Oil on Canvas, 130 Cm X 98 Cm, P02194. Born on 13 August 1752 at the Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Maria Carolina was the thirteenth and sixth surviving child of Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia and ruler of the Habsburg dominions, and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. Maria was born with feet first and was described as a weak baby and sadly perished just after her birth on September 17, 1748 without being baptized. Maria Carolina of Austria, 1752-1814, Queen Consort of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. In 1748, she commissioned the painter Martin van Meytens to paint the three daughters who had died in infancy. In 1805 Maria Carolina once more engaged Naples in a war with France, calling the British and Russian fleets to her aid, but the French again occupied the kingdom, forcing the royal family to flee to Sicily (January 1806). Maria Carolina The empress of Austria, Maria Theresa (1717-1780), did that very well. After the sudden death in 1765 of Maria Theresa´s husband Francis I, she commissioned from Franz Anton Maulbertsch a mural in the "Giant Hall" of the Hofburg in Innsbruck. Born on 17 September 1748, Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria was born to Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress and Francis of Lorraine. As de facto ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her favourite, John Acton, 6th Baronet, and the expulsion of Spanish influence. Maria Carolina of Austria, Queen of Naples and Sicily: a possible case of Graves' orbitopathy J Endocrinol Invest . The baby failed to turn in the womb and so presented feet first for birth. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maria-Carolina, Best of Sicily Magazine - Biography of Maria Carolina. The daughter of the empress Maria Theresa of Austria, Maria Carolina married in 1768 Ferdinand IV, who allowed her to assume much of the power in the kingdom. Unfortunately, even the best medicine that money could buy didn't get you much in Vienna in 1750—maybe a better brand of leech; thus, of her brood, five died in infancy or childhood. Explore WatzitztoCeska's photos on Flickr. She is said to have encouraged plundering in Calabria by Cardinal Ruffo’s army of brigands, whose former leader, Fra Diavolo, had received a pension and an estate from her. Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Karolina Luise Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV & III. The Mad Monarchist has a very interesting post about Maria Carolina of Austria, Marie Antoinette’s favourite sister. Author: Anton Raphael Mengs. She returned to Austria, where she died three years later. She soon brought about the downfall of the liberal minister Bernardo Tanucci and changed the court’s pro-Spanish policy to a pro-British one. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Unfortunately, even the best medicine that money could buy didn’t get you much in Vienna in 1750 —maybe a better brand of leech; thus, of her brood, five died in infancy or childhood. She kept an eye on being a help to Austria but she was also much taken with the fashionable trend of the liberalism of the “Enlightenment”. Maria Carolina of Austria (1752-1814), Queen consort of Naples and Sicily. She had an older sister with the same name who … For her sister, Queen of Naples, see, Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria_Carolina_of_Austria_(stillborn_1748)&oldid=1014310175, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 March 2021, at 11:06. She was the third daughter to carry this name, as two elder sisters with the same name died in infancy. The baby was buried in the Imperial Crypt. Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV & III. Maria Theresa of Austria (13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female head of the Habsburg Dynasty.She was the Holy Roman Empress, queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and archduchess of Austria.. During her rule she changed the royal palace outside Vienna (the Austrian capital) to look much like Versailles.Vienna itself became an important center for the arts, especially music. Corrections? ‘Portrait of Maria Carolina of Austria’ was created in 1791 by Louise Elisabeth Vigee Le Brun in Rococo style. Put faces to the names of your loved ones at AncientFaces. Maria Carolina of Austria (* 13.8.1752, O 7.4.1768, † 8.9.1814) O King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (* 12.1.1751, O 7.4.1768, † 4.1.1825) Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, Holy Roman Empress Consort (* 6.6.1772, O 15.9.1790, † 13.4.1807) Museum: Museo Del Prado [2], Maria Theresa continued to treasure the memory of her tenth child. Maria Carolina of Austria was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV & III. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Meet extraordinary women who dared to bring gender equality and other issues to the forefront. Computed Name Heading It was considered of the utmost importance that the child be baptized while still living, since according to traditional Catholic belief unbaptized infants would spend eternity in limbo. Source for information on Maria Carolina (1752–1814): Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia dictionary. Name variations: Maria of Austria; Marie Caroline; Mary Carolina or Mary Caroline; Maria Karolina. She finally quarreled with the British ambassador, Lord George Bentinck, who persuaded Ferdinand to exile her from the island (1811). The grand hall was remodeled to serve as a … While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The name Maria Carolina who given again in 1752 to Maria Theresa´s thirteenth child. Maria Karolina Luise Josepha Johanna Antonia von Österreich (Habsburg-Lothringen), Regina Consorte di Napoli: Also Known As: "Marie Caroline of Austria" Birthdate: August 13, 1752: Birthplace: Schloss Schönbrunn, Wien, Österreich, Deutschland(HRR) Death: September 08, 1814 (62) Schloss Hetzendorf,, Wien, Österreich (Austria) Place of Burial: Maria Carolina, (born Aug. 13, 1752, Vienna [Austria]—died Sept. 8, 1814, Vienna), queen of Naples and wife of King Ferdinand IV of Naples. Maria Carolina a Austriei (germană Maria Karolina von Österreich; italiană Maria Carolina d'Austria; 13 august 1752 – 8 septembrie 1814) a fost soția regelui Ferdinand I al celor Două Sicilii și de facto conducător al Neapolelui în perioada 1768-1799 și 1799-1806 și al Siciliei în perioada 1768-1814, deși ea a pierdut de facto puterea în 1812. Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry-Wikipedia The mural shows her four daughters who died in childhood, crowned with floral wreathes and sitting on clouds: in the foreground is Johanna Gabriele, who died in 1762 from smallpox at the age of twelve, behind her Maria Elisabeth (the firstborn) at the age of three years, then Maria Carolina, who died shortly after her first birthday, and in the far background, only visible as a shadowy putto (cherub), the second Maria Carolina, who did not live an hour.[3]. Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria, (born and died 17 September 1748) was the tenth child and the seventh daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I. Work also known As: María Carolina De Habsburgo-Lorena, Reina De Nápoles. The empress of Austria, Maria Theresa (1717-1780), did that very well.She had 16 children. 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