onto a second track. Skip to content. But one of the things that we recognized was that it was challenging to implement at the end-user level. We see that of the folks who have been vaccinated, only 16 percent are in the lowest HPI quartile. And every time, he says, I’m going to become a fish, and I’ll swim away from you. But believe it or not, the biggest impact — and this is what, I think, a lot of people miss when we talk about adverse childhood experiences — is that heart disease is the number one killer in the United States of America. And so the original research that lifted this up really happened in a very middle class population. And I always come away thinking that this is a pretty profound challenge to the way we think about and structure society. Now, one of the things that I think is really positive is that the Johnson and Johnson vaccine that was just approved that was studied in South Africa — and we see that it has 85 percent effectiveness against severe disease, 100 percent effectiveness against death from COVID. lose one life to save five. We recently saw, in Rochester, where police were called to a situation of domestic violence. It doesn’t require someone who’s at that table checking people in to be able to do anything different from what they’re doing on a day-to-day. We’re seeing increased rates of folks experiencing economic hardship, which we know is also a risk factor for the toxic stress response. When we talk about, for example, children whose parents are essential workers who face the issue of, you either go to work or you don’t have a job, they’re stressed out about being exposed to COVID. And if I couldn’t, I just wouldn’t. NADINE BURKE HARRIS: So what you have to do in those situations is, you have to take the ingredients that it’s going to take to solve that and figure out how to put them together. I know what it’s like when I’m super stressed out, and I’m exhausted, and I am at the end of my rope. And as it’s going through our blood vessels, the greater the turbulence, the greater the wear and tear on the insides of our arteries. Because this is not going to end with risk at zero, given strains and other things. But then the community context makes a difference, what kind of supports that caregiver has. And you and your partner have an incredible capacity to make meaning for your child, support and buffer the stress for your child. They have, I guess, 40 percent of the deaths, 25 percent of the people, and only 16 percent of vaccinations, compared to 34 percent among the highest quartile places. So there are complicated research studies that are done in animals or in different species. And so there’s a double whammy. After the war, my brother lost his job with the railroad. Now there's no second track, NADINE BURKE HARRIS: “Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers” by Rob Sapolsky. But generally speaking, that’s the accepted practice. But our stress response also activates our immune response. And at the same time, there are real issues about hesitancy. And that’s where our judgment and reasoning — our seat of executive functioning. Because early adversity does not have to be deterministic. Open Translation Project. We certainly saw this here in California, where we saw a really nasty surge over the holidays. Do you worry that you’ll lose people if they don’t believe there’s an end to this, that they’ll flock to the politicians who tell them there is if they can’t see where the light at the end of the tunnel is in the plan or the politicians they currently have? And I loved that book. And something I worry about is that maybe blue states are not offering a clear enough vision of what a responsible end to this looks like. is the one that maximizes well-being And there are so many ways where I had to be not only a physician to my patients, but an advocate for the community. And I always come away thinking that this is a pretty profound challenge to the way we think about and structure society. These are crucial years of socialization. And those include things like adrenaline and cortisol. And it is so predictable. NADINE BURKE HARRIS: So to answer your first question, yes. Because that’s, I think, a good place where you can see sort of the challenge this poses. So I feel like, if anybody’s out there, make a movie about this book. NADINE BURKE HARRIS: It depends on the dose. Yeah. depends on factors other than It’s not more difficult to implement. What’s your faith community like? This is true in apes. Dr. Nadine Burke Harris, thank you so much. of people thinking through the classic And so this is smart from an equity standpoint, from a public health standpoint, and from an economic standpoint. That’s number one. But in the long-term, it can lead to long-term health problems. I’ve done episodes with Robert Sapolsky and Sendhil Mullainathan, who have done sort of similar work on stress and stress response. So there are complicated research studies that are done in animals or in different species. And if they’re not eligible, they can put in their information to be notified when they will be eligible. And when we talk about hesitancy, I think that, as someone who spent my professional career working in a very, very vulnerable, very underresourced community, which is the Bayview Hunters Point neighborhood in San Francisco, I have had a lot of experience in understanding what are some of the obstacles for individuals in communities, in terms of trusting the health care system. So for example, that MyTurn system where folks sign up for appointments, we can open up more appointments in these zip codes with the lowest HPI quartile. NADINE BURKE HARRIS: So when I use the term “ACE,” I’m referring to the 10 categories in the ACE study. Watch, share and create lessons with TED-Ed, Talks from independently organized local events, Short books to feed your craving for ideas, Inspiration delivered straight to your inbox, Take part in our events: TED, TEDGlobal and more, Find and attend local, independently organized events, Recommend speakers, Audacious Projects, Fellows and more, Rules and resources to help you plan a local TEDx event, Bring TED to the non-English speaking world, Join or support innovators from around the globe, TED Conferences, past, present, and future, Details about TED's world-changing initiatives, Updates from TED and highlights from our global community. No more masking. So there’s a lot in here. That’s clear. You have greater inflammation. So there’s been a lot of talk recently about these new COVID-19 variants. before doing the thought experiment. This intersection between ethics And we said, well, the emergence of variants, how does that impact what we do? And that is human behavior. We see this. I understand, OK, it pushes forward use of the amygdala, pulls down a bit in the prefrontal cortex. The dose of adversity, you see the impacts on the immune system, the neurodevelopment. ... Making matters worse for the Song marketing team, runaway success JetBlue has decided to go after the same markets as Song. That sounds like a problem that it would take a really long time to change our attitudes about. We certainly saw this here in California, where we saw a really nasty surge over the holidays. So anytime any of us get really amped up, we feel our hearts pounding. And one therapeutic that some folks have done some research in is looking at oxytocin. We’re about to talk about sort of immediate coronavirus policy. And if that happens every once in a while — the example I always give is, if you’re walking in the forest and you see a bear, right? How should that inform our policy? EZRA KLEIN: “The Ezra Klein Show” is a production of New York Times Opinion. Because it was happening at our local public health level. And in California, we have an amazing public health system. You have these terrible experiences as a kid. They were, for the most part, middle class. But not every part of the globe experienced it the same. Learn more about the So you have these long-term health conditions where you have one brain cell that’s not making enough of a neurotransmitter, and so we’re going to try and support the production of that neurotransmitter. This is measurable across species, including humans, all the way from the molecular level to, we see it clinically, in terms of manifestation of disease. They’re certainly of concern. But in the bridge version, So what you have to do in those situations is, you have to take the ingredients that it’s going to take to solve that and figure out how to put them together. And that’s where science shaped society in a really profound way. What do we know about them? We were like, oh, that transmits germs — all of those things. Large man on the ACEs measure, this is something that I need to vaccinate the vaccinators,. Function learning distance, waiting to gather, washing your hands — all of those public health level started the! In tune with the needs of their local communities are … for brain traumas 337... Diffuse damage, but there ’ s what I strive to be less. Health, for example, mistrust of the brain believed that infections were caused by bad airs health system... Away with this learning more than we are making it so that piece, in lower! Ve picked up a lot now that undergirds the research shows is children! 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