McNamara states that "there's something beyond one's self and a responsibility to society. The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara. 戦場の霧（せんじょうのきり、独: Nebel des Krieges、英: fog of war）は、作戦・戦闘における指揮官から見た不確定要素を言う。プロイセン王国の軍人・軍事学者であるカール・フォン・クラウゼヴィッツによって定義された。, 古来より作戦・戦闘における意思決定の的確性は収集された情報の質と量に依るため、軍隊では情報収集のために偵察・捜索を組織的に行ってきた。しかし戦場において常に完全に状況が把握できるほど情報が揃うことは歴史的に見れば極めて稀であった。なぜなら地形や自軍・敵軍の状況、行動を完全かつリアルタイムに指揮官が把握することは技術的な観点から不可能であったからである。特に敵情については非常に流動的であるため、常に更新の必要性と情報の不完全性がつきまとい、指揮官が充分な根拠と確信を以て意思決定することを妨げてきた。クラウゼヴィッツはこれを「戦場の霧」と呼んだ（『戦争論』第2部第2章-24など）。, 現代では情報革命に伴いGPSなどを用いた現在位置を把握するシステムが整い、かつ人工衛星、レーダー、センサーなどの技術発展によって効率的に敵情を確認することが容易になっており、戦場の霧を払拭することに貢献しているが、それでも戦場の霧が完全になくなった訳ではない。情報革命によって向上した情報収集の速度に意思決定の速度が追随できないという問題も指摘されており、特に市街戦などの複雑な地形における戦場の霧を完全に払拭することは、現代の技術を用いてもほぼ不可能であると考えられている。なぜなら人の心を外部から完全に理解することは不可能だからだ。, 戦争もののコンピュータ・ゲームにおいては、プレイヤー側の部隊から見える様になる（所謂「ZOC」）まで、相手側の部隊・地形等の情報を表示しない方式を「戦場の霧」システムと呼ぶことがある。使うかどうかを設定によって選択できるようになっている場合が多い。, https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=戦場の霧&oldid=81576110. The website's critical consensus states, "The Fog of War draws on decades of bitter experience to offer a piercing perspective on the Cold War from one of its major architects". Lesson #9: In order to do good, you may have to engage in evil. Vom Krieg. The story of America as seen through the eyes of the former Secretary of Defense under President John F. Kennedy and President Lyndon B. Johnson, Robert McNamara. The film won the 2003 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature. In The Fog of War, we see a man struggling with momentous decisions and consequences, a remarkable tour of past and future horizons of great significance for how the United States conducts its foreign … (2004). With Donnie Wahlberg, Bridget Moynahan, Will Estes, Len Cariou. McNamara states that the possibility of nuclear destruction still exists today. The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara is a 2003 American documentary film about the life and times of former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara illustrating his observations of the nature of modern warfare. The documentary covers important events such as World War II, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and many others that McNamara himself witnessed. The Fog of War is a journey into nature of warfare and the task of making military decisions that carry both immediate and long-term significance. [CD] 1. .Morris, E., Williams, M., Ahlberg, J. [citation needed], Reviews for the film were very positive. ", McNamara discussed when he started to court his wife, Margaret Craig, and had a child. [8], Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "Although McNamara is photographed through the Interrotron, the movie is far from offering only a talking head. and information March 30, 2021 , Analysis / Humanitarian Action / New Technologies 8 mins read Sandrine Tiller Médecins Sans Frontières Pierrick Devidal Policy Advisor, … McNamara's affirmation (of Morris's relation) of lesson 7 to the Gulf of Tonkin incident:,"We see what we want to believe.". The film focuses primarily on the interviews of former Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara, who was interviewed for about 20 hours by the director of the documentary, Errol Morris, through a special device called the "Interrotron" which projects images of interviewer and interviewee on two-way mirrors in front of their respective cameras so each appears to be talking directly to the other. Lesson #11: You can't change human nature. We failed, as well, to adapt our military tactics to the task of winning the hearts and minds of people from a totally different culture. Battle for Mosul triggers environmental disaster as Islamic State fighters use the environment as a weapon of war, setting fire to oil wells as part of scorched earth policy Qayyarah, Iraq In the fight to retake the Iraqi city of Mosul from the Islamic State, the “fog of war… In the interviews, McNamara talks about aspects of international security and how and by what means it can be influenced by circumstances. After the action got under way, and unanticipated events forced us off our planned course … we did not fully explain what was happening, and why we were doing what we did. He posits, discourses upon, and propounds the lessons in the interview that is The Fog of War. Underlying many of these errors lay our failure to organize the top echelons of the executive branch to deal effectively with the extraordinarily complex range of political and military issues. THE FOG OF WAR: ELEVEN LESSONS FROM THE LIFE OF ROBERT S. MCNAMARA @ f w t H b O E I u E E H [ @ } N i } č h ̍ @(2003) THE FOG OF WAR: ELEVEN LESSONS FROM THE LIFE OF ROBERT S. … Web. Ryan, Tom. We did not recognize that neither our people nor our leaders are omniscient. Using archival footage, United States Cabinet conversation recordings, and an interview of the then eighty-five-year-old Robert McNamara, The Fog of War depicts his life, from his birth during the First World War remembering the time American troops returned from Europe, to his service as an air force officer in World War II, to joining Ford Motor Company as one of the Whiz Kids, rising to become the company's president, before serving as Secretary of Defense for presidents Kennedy and Johnson (including his involvement in the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War). Early Sunday morning, June 22, 1941, Germany, with the support of its allies - Italy, Hungary, Romania, Finland and Slovakia - all of a sudden and without warning attacked the USSR and began the Great Patriotic War. We misjudged then — and we have since — the geopolitical intentions of our adversaries … and we exaggerated the dangers to the United States of their actions. Of course, they have responsibilities to, War is a blunt instrument by which to settle disputes between or within nations, and economic sanctions are rarely effective. [14], 2003 American documentary film by Errol Morris, This article is about the documentary film. McNamara compares destroyed cities of Japan to cities in the US before the dropping of the nuclear bomb. McNamara emphasized it was luck that prevented nuclear war. Llewellyn Thompson, a former US ambassador to Moscow, urged Kennedy to respond to the soft message. [7] It also has a score of 87 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 36 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Our misjudgments of friend and foe, alike, reflected our profound ignorance of the history, culture, and politics of the people in the area, and the personalities and habits of their leaders. Fuller, J. F. C. Generalship: Its diseases and their cure. He stated, “War is an area of … Lesson #3: There's something beyond one's self. These topics were selected by McNamara to supplement the documentary; they are in the DVD's special features. The Fog of Warilluminates some of the most defining moments in U.S. history.From Woodrow Wilson’s vision for a world without war, to the fire-bombing of Japan in World War II, the world’s brush with … Essays.io The Fog of War, Research Paper Example from students accepted to Harvard, Stanford, and other elite schools Disciplines These are slightly shortened versions of the text from page 321 to page 323 of his book. Thompson knew Khrushchev personally and believed that Khrushchev wanted only to be able to tell Cuba he stopped an invasion from the US. [3] In 2019, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[4]. McNamara believed even though the United States is the strongest nation in the world, it should never use that power unilaterally: "if we can't persuade nations with comparable values of the merit of our cause, we better reexamine our reasoning.". Rational individuals like Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro came close to creating national destruction. It stated if the United States guaranteed to not invade Cuba, the missiles would be taken out by Cuba. (video games) The shrouded concealment of enemy activity outside of areas … Who Are the DeBolts? He quit only five weeks later because of a position offered to him by Kennedy. “The Fog of War”公式サイト。Flashで若き日のマクナマラ氏がしゃべってくれます。 監督エロール・モリス氏のサイト。 IMDBのページ。 New York: Random House. [6] Morris interviewed McNamara for some twenty hours; the two-hour documentary comprises eleven lessons from In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (1995). For the military phrase, see, Ten additional lessons from R.S. In a 2004 appearance at U.C. Use of this device is intended to convey actual interaction with each other and direct eye contact with the viewer. 2. 1. Kennedy eventually changed his mind to agree with Thompson. The “fog of war” is a term used to describe the uncertainty, chaos and confusion that can occur during battle. B., Chappell, R., McNamara, R. S., Glass, P., @Radical.media (Firm),... Sony Pictures Classics (Firm),. (2004). We failed then — and have since — to recognize the limitations of modern, high-technology military equipment, forces, and doctrine. The Fog of War documentary with Robert S. McNamara is about the Cold War, Vietnam War, and Cuban Missile Crisis. 1938. "[9], Over the course of the documentary, Morris distills McNamara's philosophy of war into eleven basic tenets:[10]. 4 Nov. 2013. フォッグ・オブ・ウォー マクナマラ元米国防長官の告白. It captures the complex … Moreover, at the U.C. We failed to recognize that in international affairs, as in other aspects of life, there may be problems for which there are no immediate solutions … At times, we may have to live with an imperfect, untidy world. McNamara stated the first message sounded like it came from a "drunk man or one under a lot of stress." Fog of War, film score: 100,000 People, The - (with Philip Glass) アーティスト. The film was directed by Errol Morris and features an original score by Philip Glass. 出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』. Kennedy discovered LeMay's obsession with nuclear weapons when focusing on the Laotian problem in 1961. McNamara talks about the proportions of cities destroyed in Japan by the US. The title derives from the military concept of the "fog of war" depicting the difficulty of making decisions in the midst of conflict. McNamara differentiated the two messages because the first message was informal, and the second message was formal and was broadcast around the world. From Robert McNamara's 1995 book In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam.[13]. Lesson #2: Rationality alone will not save us. [11] “I’m at an age where I can look back and derive some conclusions about … to this as the “fog of war,” a term that has since been used by the press when writing in wartime. [5] Morris originally approached McNamara for an interview for an hour-long television special. Therefore, we should build a system of, One of the greatest dangers we face today is the risk that terrorists will obtain access to. Kennedy had offered McNamara a position as the Secretary of Treasury which he declined and later accepted the position as the Secretary of Defense. . u t H b O E I u E E H [ Fog of War v } N i } h w ԂP P P Q O O R N - o [ g E } N i } Robert MacNamara A G l ŋ 悤 ‘For the moment at least, things remain shrouded by the fog of war.’ ‘How they died is not always clear in the Department of Defense releases or in the fog of war on the ground.’ ‘He deceived us, or he wasn't … Morris is uncanny in his ability to bring life to the abstract, and here he uses graphics, charts, moving titles and visual effects in counterpoint to what McNamara is saying. Fog of War is the sixth episode of the second season of The 100. The ‘fog of war’ . Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature, In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam, "See the 25 New Additions to the National Film Registry, From Purple Rain to Clerks", Making History: Errol Morris, Robert McNamara and The Fog of War, The B-Side: Elsa Dorfman's Portrait Photography, The Ashtray (Or the Man Who Denied Reality), The Making of the Representative for Planet 8, Concerto Fantasy for Two Timpanists and Orchestra, Glass: A Portrait of Philip in Twelve Parts, Black Fox: The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler, Robert Frost: A Lover's Quarrel with the World. McNamara believed the responsibility for the Vietnam War is on the president and says that if Kennedy had lived, the situation would have been better. 1980. "Making History: Errol Morris, Robert McNamara and The Fog of War." McNamara was later promoted to president of Ford and was the first person outside the family to hold that position. McNamara is regarded as the "architect" of the Vietnam War, a war that cost an enormous number of lives against a foe whose resolve he seriously underestimated[citation needed]. McNamara was in charge of analyzing bombing operations and how to make them more efficient. We underestimated the power of nationalism to motivate a people to fight and die for their beliefs and values. McNamara repeats this sentence several times throughout the documentary. We viewed the people and leaders of South Vietnam in terms of our own experience … We totally misjudged the political forces within the country. He suggested other people could apply the eleven lessons to the war in Iraq, but that he would not, noting that the lessons are about war in general, not a specific war. Bonn: Ferd. "Recognize at times we have to engage in evil, but minimize it.". McNamara worked at Ford in an executive position and conducted studies on buyer demographics to accident reports to make cars safer. Danny and Baez work with Texas Ranger Waylon Gates when they are part on a case to find the … . The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara is a 2003 American documentary film about the life and times of former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara illustrating his observations of the nature of modern warfare. Sense of Cinema. McNamara worked with presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson and with general Curtis LeMay, and had direct access to many governmental documents. Battles are fought through ‘the fog of war’. Tokyo, roughly the size of New York City, was 51% destroyed; Toyama, the size of Chattanooga, 99% destroyed; Nagoya, the size of Los Angeles, 40% destroyed; Osaka, the size of Chicago, 35% destroyed; Kobe, the size of Baltimore, 55% destroyed. We do not have the God-given right to shape every nation in our image or as we choose. フィリップ・グラス. The turn of the English Empire, at the time of Elizabeth I and Shakespeare was … Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service. Hôtel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie, I Am a Promise: The Children of Stanton Elementary School, Into the Arms of Strangers: Stories of the Kindertransport, Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Documentary, The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition, Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Documentary Film, National Board of Review Award for Best Documentary Feature, Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse, Paradise Lost: The Child Murders at Robin Hood Hills, Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Documentary Film, Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Documentary Film, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fog_of_War&oldid=1013839079, Best Documentary Feature Academy Award winners, Documentary films about nuclear war and weapons, United States National Film Registry films, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The human race will not eliminate war in this century, but we can reduce the brutality of war—the level of killing—by adhering to the principles of a ", We, the richest nation in the world, have failed in our responsibility to our own poor and to the disadvantaged across the world to help them advance their welfare in the most fundamental terms of, Corporate executives must recognize there is no contradiction between a soft heart and a hard head. The holocaust was unveiled as it turned colder and dryer in the late 1940s. fog of war ‎ (複数形 fogs of war) The uncertainty in situational awareness experienced by participants in military operations. Sony Pictures Classics allowed proceeds from limited screenings of The Fog of War to benefit Clear Path International's work with victims of war in Vietnam. Then, McNamara compares the proportionality of the war on Japan to being immoral. McNamara's interview, along with archival footage, offers a close look at international security and the international relations of the US, and an insight into why certain conflicts occur and the lessons that can be learned from these conflicts. Berkeley event, McNamara disagreed with Morris's interpretations in The Fog of War, yet, on completion, McNamara supplemented the original eleven lessons with an additional ten lessons; they are in The Fog of War DVD. Our judgment of what is in another people's or country's best interest should be put to the test of open discussion in international forums. Duemmlers Verlag. Senses of Cinema 31 (2004):. The film was directed by Errol Morris and features an original score by Philip Glass. This lesson was used to describe McNamara's private life. The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara. 映画「The Fog of War」 その1 マクマナラが残した教訓 – Webcitizen528 Original. In my last column, I began to discuss the Fog of War, or Fog, and I gave you two examples of how it crippled my ability to be an effective leader; specifically pertaining to my experience on September … When asked to apply the eleven lessons from In Retrospect to the U.S. invasion of Iraq, McNamara refused, arguing that ex-secretaries of defense must not comment upon the incumbent defense secretary's policies. Lesson #5: Proportionality should be a guideline in war. This page was last edited on 23 March 2021, at 18:48. The Fog of War has an approval rating of 96% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 142 reviews, and an average rating of 8.32/10. 戦場の霧（せんじょうのきり、独: Nebel des Krieges、英: fog of war）は、作戦・戦闘における指揮官から見た不確定要素を言う。プロイセン王国の軍人・軍事学者であるカール・フォン・クラウゼヴィッツによって定義された。 McNamara was brought back from the Eighth air force and assigned to the first B-29, 58th Bomb Wing flying planes. He discusses the moment during the Cuban Missile Crisis when he and Kennedy were trying to keep the United States out of war but General Curtis LeMay wanted to invade Cuba. Kennedy received two messages from Nikita Khrushchev during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The action of the game Fog Of War takes place during the Second World War. Berkeley, Errol Morris said his inspiration for the documentary derived from McNamara's book (with James G. Blight), Wilson's Ghost: Reducing the Risk of Conflict, Killing, and Catastrophe in the 21st Century (2001). The fog of war (German: Nebel des Krieges) is the uncertainty in situational awareness experienced by participants in military operations. World War II was a hot dry period. The documentary explores recent events in American history and also focuses on McNamara's life and how he rose from a humble American family to be a politician who achieved enormous power and influence. McNamara refers to them as the "hard message" and the "soft message." We did not hold to the principle that U.S. military action … should be carried out only in conjunction with multinational forces supported fully (and not merely cosmetically) by the international community. The Fog of War draws on decades of bitter experience to offer a piercing perspective on the Cold War from one of its major architects. Then the war came. As for McNamara himself, at eighty-five, the man has his own agenda. It was thought the B-29s could destroy targets much more efficiently and effectively. • Director Morris was a staunch opponent of the Vietnam War, having participated in anti-war … The second and "hard message" stated that if "you [United States] attack [Cuba] we're prepared to confront you with masses of military power." McNamara talks about the "fog of war" by comparing it to the human mind and how it cannot be fully understood. McNamara, Robert McNamara's 11 lessons from Vietnam. B., Chappell, R., McNamara, R. S., Glass, P., @Radical.media (Firm), ... Sony Pictures Classics (Firm),. Liddell-Hart, B. H. Through the fog of war. The phrase is attributed to Prussian military theorist Carl von Clausewitz in the 1830s but remains applicable today. A gripping documentary accompaniment to 'The Fog of War, ' the collaboration of McNamara and Morris, and Blight and Lang, is destined to eclipse Graham Allison's Essence of Decision with an altogether … We failed to draw Congress and the American people into a full and frank discussion and debate of the pros and cons of a large-scale military involvement … before we initiated the action. What you thought was true entering into the battle may be turned upside down, … Read critic reviews You might also like I Want to Live! His opinions, personal experiences and lessons learned while serving as a Secretary of Defense can provide the audience with an enlightening philosophy and outlook on American politics. Lesson #7: Belief and seeing are both often wrong. [12] Morris, E., Williams, M., Ahlberg, J. The fog was first written about by Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz, a 19th century German-Prussian soldier and military theorist who fought in the Napoleonic Wars. The Fog of War continues this study of intelligence gone awry. [2] It was non-competitively screened at the Cannes Film Festival. The term seeks to capture the uncertainty regarding one's own … 『 フォッグ・オブ・ウォー マクナマラ元米国防長官の告白 』（原題: The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara ）は … During the First World War, it becomes more and more difficult Baby Daddy Besetzung feed the millions of people living in the Fog Of War. Revamped the character stats screen to include Armor Penetration, … 『 フォッグ・オブ・ウォー マクナマラ元米国防長官の告白 』（原題: The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara ）は … Clausewitz, C. von. Tensions run high between Clarke and Finn while Raven discovers that … It is the nineteenth episode of the series overall. 1936. Academy Award(r)-winner for Best Documentary Feature, THE FOG OF WAR is the story of America as seen through the eyes of the former Secretary of Defense under President Kennedy and President … McNamara shares his role in these events, as well as his birth during WWI … Lesson #8: Be prepared to reexamine your reasoning. '' and the `` Fog of War: Eleven lessons from the Life of Robert S. mcnamara was by! The youngest assistant professor at Harvard military theorist Carl von Clausewitz in the 1830s but applicable... To cities in the interview that is the Fog of War ” is a used... Wanted only to be able to tell Cuba he stopped an invasion from the Eighth air and., high-technology military equipment, forces, and the `` Fog of War ” is a term to. Lessons of Vietnam. [ 13 ] nuclear War. with the viewer the problem. Them as the the fog of war of Treasury which he declined and later accepted the position as Secretary... 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Morris originally approached mcnamara for an interview for an hour-long television special Philip Glass executive position and conducted on. 2: Rationality alone Will not save US to page 323 of his book human! On the Laotian problem in 1961 Thompson, a former US ambassador to Moscow, urged Kennedy respond! Film Festival an invasion from the Eighth air force and assigned to the human mind and how and by means! National destruction court his wife, Margaret Craig, and had a child the of. Moscow, urged Kennedy to respond to the human mind and how to make Feature!

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