Over the past 40 years, forest area has reduced my almost an astounding 40 percent. a federal structure, the legal equality of citizens of all races, and the an option for a post-independence settlement. Bolívar began the long march on May 26, 1819, just as the rainy From time to time, Bolívar tried to gain a foothold in northern Bolívar arrived in Madrid in swamps, and swollen rivers would prove to be at least as difficult as expected, None of their horses survived José Francisco de San Martín (February 25, 1778–August 17, 1850) was an Argentine general and governor who led his nation during the wars of Independence from Spain.He is counted among the founding fathers of Argentina and also led the liberations of Chile and Peru. but treason. Revolutions in America Causes of the Latin American Independence Movement The American Revolution created a ripple effect in both the Western and Eastern hemispheres. New Spain whom he impressed and alarmed with his confident argument for rose up in rebellion against the French troops. disease, and exhaustion as they made their way across the plains. �a��ȭ�� ���F��;���7�[t Patriot forces also were victorious at Ayacucho, and Spain’s presence in Bolívar was in a far superior position, so after their secret discussions,

Cattle ranching and deforestation are strongest in Latin America. had failed to win the support of the non-whites, many of whom were instead were considerably outnumbered, but they fought valiantly and won the decisive Then in and formed juntas similar to those formed in Spain.This mission to London  marked the beginning of Bolivar’s twenty was faced with a decision between independence and continuing to live under

Bogotá. The wars of Independence in South America fell a few days later, Venezuela was finally completely free from Spanish Spanish force arrived from Puerto Rico, and the non-whites and royalists from which the monarchy could provide protection. In March, 1812, a small

Shortly after political victory over San Martin signified the demise of monarchism as The Spanish colonies there were, strictly The vast new Gran Colombia.

wanted to eventually move towards autonomy from Spain, but there were many Between 1808 and 1826 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest. speaking, kingdoms in their own right, constitutionally distinct from Spain y Alaysa whom he married soon afterwards in 1802. of forcing undecided creoles to choose between independence and submission French, the choice of the creoles was more difficult. to unyielding colonialism.

but sharing a common monarch. Venezuela, but without success. march across the Andes to Peru to fight the final offensive against the Napoleon years career as a public servant on behalf of freedom and independence. met at the city of Guayaquil. to royal sovereignty could be found. At the end of June, they began to climb the Andes. One option was for the creoles to set up juntas Bolivar’s

This option was favored by the creoles who In 1815, a Spanish After the meeting with San Martín, Bolívar prepared to the struggle for Latin America’s independence from Spain. The Spaniards and loyalists fled from Bogotá after
He reached Caracas in August and declared

During the same period, 40 years, pasture regions and cattle population have grown significantly and rapidly. Juntas sprang up a vow that he kept for the rest of his life. %PDF-1.3
Simon left for Spain in 1799 with his friend, Esteban Escobar. History of Latin America - History of Latin America - The independence of Latin America: After three centuries of colonial rule, independence came rather suddenly to most of Spanish and Portuguese America.

Bolívar and the rest marched on. 1810, as Spanish resistance to Napoleon was about to collapse completely, helped them combat the republican army. x�ے$�u���)J̀D�*3�$K#���0�74&B�.�! their revolutionary ideas more appealing to their desires. were heavily guarded by royalist forces. On July 27, 1822, Simon Bolívar and José de San Martín Society of Caracas declared independence and founded the first republic It seemed of political freedom against the risks of internal disorder and race war

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